.article-diagrams {
  --diagram-ink: var(--ink, #1a1a1a);
  --diagram-muted: var(--ink-3, #6a6a6a);
  --diagram-rule: var(--rule, #e8e4dc);
  --diagram-gold: var(--gold, #b58e2a);
  --diagram-gold-deep: var(--gold-deep, #8c6c1a);
  margin: 34px 0 42px;
  scroll-margin-top: 92px;
  display: grid;
  gap: 22px;
}

.article-diagrams .technical-figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 26px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fff;
}

.article-diagrams .figure-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 4px 16px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.article-diagrams .figure-kicker {
  grid-column: 1;
  color: var(--diagram-gold-deep);
  font: 600 10px/1.3 var(--mono, monospace);
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-diagrams .figure-heading h3 {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 650 18px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

.article-diagrams .figure-badge {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  padding: 5px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #d9ccb0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fbf8ef;
  color: #725819;
  font: 600 10px/1.2 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Physical geometry is always left-to-right, including on the Arabic page. */
.article-diagrams .diagram-board {
  direction: ltr;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
}

.article-diagrams .process-direction {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 9px;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.3 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.article-diagrams .process-direction::before {
  content: "";
  width: 72px;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--diagram-gold);
}

.article-diagrams .process-direction::after {
  content: "";
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  margin-left: -10px;
  border-top: 4px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 4px solid transparent;
  border-right: 7px solid var(--diagram-gold);
}

.article-diagrams .process-layout {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(90px, 1fr) minmax(160px, 1.45fr) minmax(90px, 1fr);
  gap: 24px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 188px;
}

.article-diagrams .process-layout::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 72px;
  right: 11%;
  left: 11%;
  height: 5px;
  border-top: 2px solid #c49b31;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #dac889;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #b78821, #f0d978 45%, #ac7d18);
}

.article-diagrams .process-node {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  min-width: 0;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.article-diagrams .reel {
  width: 78px;
  height: 78px;
  border: 10px solid #242424;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, #fff 0 18%, #b58e2a 19% 27%, #f3e4ad 28% 48%, #b58e2a 49% 54%, #fff 55%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #111;
}

.article-diagrams .reel.rewind {
  border-color: #59616a;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, #fff 0 18%, #8b949d 19% 27%, #edf0f2 28% 48%, #8b949d 49% 54%, #fff 55%);
}

.article-diagrams .press-unit {
  width: 150px;
  display: grid;
  justify-items: center;
}

.article-diagrams .die-head {
  width: 104px;
  padding: 9px 8px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #705d2f;
  border-bottom: 4px solid #8f6c18;
  border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f5e5aa, #c99b32);
  color: #352b14;
  font: 650 11px/1.25 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

.article-diagrams .pressure-arrows {
  height: 30px;
  color: #a07012;
  font: 700 25px/1 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

.article-diagrams .substrate-bar {
  width: 150px;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 10px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #bcae91;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, #f3ede2 0 7px, #e9dfce 8px 9px);
  color: #4d4334;
  font: 600 11px/1.25 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

.article-diagrams .node-label {
  max-width: 150px;
  min-height: 34px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.45 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .press-node .node-label {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.article-diagrams .layer-diagram {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 78px;
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.article-diagrams .layer-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: 4px;
}

.article-diagrams .foil-layer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 8px 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(40, 40, 40, .16);
  border-radius: 2px;
  color: #222;
  font: 600 12px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .layer-carrier { background: #eef1f3; }
.article-diagrams .layer-release { background: #f7f3e8; min-height: 32px; }
.article-diagrams .layer-lacquer { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ead9aa, #f3ebd0); }
.article-diagrams .layer-metal { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #aaafb4, #f8fafb 48%, #9da3aa); }
.article-diagrams .layer-adhesive { background: #f0e0bc; }
.article-diagrams .layer-substrate {
  margin-top: 8px;
  border-style: dashed;
  border-color: #ab9670;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, #f4eee4 0 7px, #e8decc 8px 9px);
}

.article-diagrams .transfer-zones {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 78px 1fr 54px;
  gap: 8px;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 10px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

.article-diagrams .zone {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 7px;
  border-inline-start: 2px solid;
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .zone-remains {
  border-color: #8b949d;
  background: #f4f6f7;
}

.article-diagrams .zone-transfers {
  border-color: var(--diagram-gold);
  background: #fbf7ea;
  color: #705718;
}

.article-diagrams .zone-substrate {
  border-color: #ab9670;
  background: #f7f2e9;
}

.article-diagrams figcaption {
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 400 12px/1.6 var(--sans, sans-serif);
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .article-diagrams { margin: 28px 0 34px; gap: 16px; }
  .article-diagrams .technical-figure { padding: 20px 16px; }
  .article-diagrams .figure-heading { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .article-diagrams .figure-badge { grid-column: 1; grid-row: auto; justify-self: start; margin-top: 6px; }
  .article-diagrams .process-layout { grid-template-columns: 76px minmax(120px, 1fr) 76px; gap: 8px; min-height: 178px; }
  .article-diagrams .process-layout::before { right: 9%; left: 9%; }
  .article-diagrams .reel { width: 58px; height: 58px; border-width: 8px; }
  .article-diagrams .press-unit { width: 116px; }
  .article-diagrams .die-head { width: 92px; font-size: 10px; }
  .article-diagrams .substrate-bar { width: 116px; font-size: 10px; }
  .article-diagrams .node-label { max-width: 104px; font-size: 9.5px; }
  .article-diagrams .layer-diagram { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 64px; gap: 9px; }
  .article-diagrams .foil-layer { padding: 7px 9px; font-size: 10.5px; }
  .article-diagrams .transfer-zones { font-size: 9px; }
}

@media (max-width: 370px) {
  .article-diagrams .technical-figure { padding-inline: 12px; }
  .article-diagrams .process-layout { grid-template-columns: 64px minmax(104px, 1fr) 64px; }
  .article-diagrams .reel { width: 50px; height: 50px; border-width: 7px; }
  .article-diagrams .press-unit, .article-diagrams .substrate-bar { width: 104px; }
  .article-diagrams .die-head { width: 84px; }
}

/* Substrate-selection guide */
.article-diagrams .selection-start,
.article-diagrams .selection-gate,
.article-diagrams .selection-test,
.article-diagrams .selection-output,
.article-diagrams .trial-rule {
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 650 12px/1.45 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-start {
  max-width: 360px;
  border-color: #d8c38c;
  background: #fbf7ea;
}

.article-diagrams .flow-arrow {
  height: 30px;
  color: var(--diagram-gold-deep);
  font: 700 24px/30px var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-branches {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-branches::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -15px;
  right: 16.66%;
  left: 16.66%;
  height: 15px;
  border-top: 1px solid #c9b16c;
  border-right: 1px solid #c9b16c;
  border-left: 1px solid #c9b16c;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 128px;
  padding: 18px 12px 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--diagram-gold);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fcfcfb;
  text-align: center;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-index {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--diagram-gold-deep);
  font: 600 10px/1 var(--mono, monospace);
  letter-spacing: .14em;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-card strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 700 13px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-card span:last-child {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 500 11px/1.5 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .selection-gate { max-width: 390px; background: #f3f5f6; }
.article-diagrams .selection-test { max-width: 280px; border-color: #d3b55e; background: #f7ebbf; }
.article-diagrams .selection-output { max-width: 430px; border-color: #b9c5cc; background: #f4f7f8; }

.article-diagrams .trial-factors {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-factor {
  min-height: 148px;
  padding: 18px 13px;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--diagram-gold);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fcfcfb;
  text-align: center;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-factor:nth-child(2) { border-top-color: #687783; }
.article-diagrams .trial-factor:nth-child(3) { border-top-color: #94783a; }

.article-diagrams .factor-symbol {
  display: flex;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  margin: 0 auto 12px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid #cbb77c;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #fbf7ea;
  color: #725819;
  font: 700 17px/1 var(--serif, serif);
}

.article-diagrams .trial-factor strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 700 13px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-factor span:last-child {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 500 11px/1.5 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-rule {
  max-width: 310px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border-color: #d3b55e;
  background: #f7ebbf;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-steps {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 16px;
  counter-reset: trial-step;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-step {
  position: relative;
  padding: 28px 9px 11px;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 10.5px/1.4 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
  counter-increment: trial-step;
}

.article-diagrams .trial-step::before {
  content: counter(trial-step, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  top: 8px;
  left: 50%;
  color: var(--diagram-gold-deep);
  font: 600 9px/1 var(--mono, monospace);
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .article-diagrams .selection-branches,
  .article-diagrams .trial-factors { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .article-diagrams .selection-branches::before { display: none; }
  .article-diagrams .selection-card,
  .article-diagrams .trial-factor { min-height: 0; }
  .article-diagrams .trial-steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

/* Hot-versus-cold comparison guide */
.article-diagrams .compare-processes,
.article-diagrams .choice-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
}

.article-diagrams .process-column,
.article-diagrams .choice-column {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fcfcfb;
}

.article-diagrams .process-title,
.article-diagrams .choice-title {
  padding: 13px 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 700 14px/1.35 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .method-hot .process-title,
.article-diagrams .method-hot .choice-title { background: #f7ebbf; border-top: 3px solid #b58e2a; }
.article-diagrams .method-cold .process-title,
.article-diagrams .method-cold .choice-title { background: #eef3f6; border-top: 3px solid #617784; }

.article-diagrams .process-steps {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  padding: 8px 18px 16px;
  counter-reset: compare-step;
}

.article-diagrams .process-step {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 58px;
  padding: 16px 8px 14px 42px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 11.5px/1.45 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
  counter-increment: compare-step;
}

.article-diagrams .process-step:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.article-diagrams .process-step::before {
  content: counter(compare-step, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  top: 15px;
  left: 7px;
  display: flex;
  width: 25px;
  height: 25px;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid #d5c28b;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: #725819;
  font: 600 9px/1 var(--mono, monospace);
}

.article-diagrams .method-cold .process-step::before { border-color: #b9c7cf; color: #4f6875; }

.article-diagrams .choice-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  padding: 8px 16px 14px;
}

.article-diagrams .choice-item {
  position: relative;
  padding: 13px 8px 13px 25px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 11.5px/1.45 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .choice-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.article-diagrams .choice-item::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 19px;
  left: 6px;
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border: 2px solid var(--diagram-gold);
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.article-diagrams .method-cold .choice-item::before { border-color: #617784; }

.article-diagrams .choice-trial {
  max-width: 470px;
  margin: 18px auto 0;
  padding: 13px 18px;
  border: 1px solid #d3b55e;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fbf7ea;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
  font: 700 12px/1.45 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .article-diagrams .compare-processes,
  .article-diagrams .choice-columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* Holographic / diffraction foil guide */
.article-diagrams .optics-stage {
  position: relative;
  height: 250px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fafbfc 0 47%, #f4f1e9 47% 100%);
}

.article-diagrams .optics-source {
  position: absolute;
  top: 24px;
  left: 50%;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border: 1px solid #c99e29;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, #fff 0 24%, #f7e9ad 25% 58%, #d8aa2e 59% 63%, #fff8dc 64%);
  box-shadow: 0 0 22px rgba(203, 164, 53, .22);
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.article-diagrams .incident-shaft {
  position: absolute;
  top: 66px;
  left: 50%;
  width: 2px;
  height: 54px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(180deg, #c99e29 0 7px, transparent 7px 11px);
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.article-diagrams .incident-shaft::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -1px;
  left: -4px;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 7px solid #c99e29;
  border-right: 5px solid transparent;
  border-left: 5px solid transparent;
}

.article-diagrams .grating-plate {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 120px;
  left: 12%;
  width: 76%;
  height: 22px;
  border: 1px solid #777f86;
  border-radius: 2px;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent 0 5px, rgba(38, 43, 47, .36) 5px 6px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, #9da4aa, #f4f6f7 48%, #969da3);
  box-shadow: 0 3px 0 #d0bd80;
}

.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  top: 141px;
  left: 50%;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
}

.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 3px;
  height: 118px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  opacity: .78;
  transform-origin: 50% 0;
}

.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(1) { background: #b44aa0; transform: rotate(58deg); }
.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(2) { background: #346cc2; transform: rotate(38deg); }
.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(3) { background: #3f9f68; transform: rotate(18deg); }
.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(4) { background: #d3a817; transform: rotate(-18deg); }
.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(5) { background: #d87932; transform: rotate(-38deg); }
.article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i:nth-child(6) { background: #bf4850; transform: rotate(-58deg); }

.article-diagrams .optics-labels {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.article-diagrams .optics-labels span,
.article-diagrams .viewing-note {
  padding: 10px 9px;
  border: 1px solid var(--diagram-rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: #fcfcfb;
  color: var(--diagram-muted);
  font: 600 11px/1.4 var(--sans, sans-serif);
  text-align: center;
  unicode-bidi: plaintext;
}

.article-diagrams .viewing-note {
  max-width: 480px;
  margin: 10px auto 0;
  border-color: #d3b55e;
  background: #fbf7ea;
  color: var(--diagram-ink);
}

.article-diagrams .layer-diffraction {
  position: relative;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent 0 8px, rgba(139, 94, 157, .18) 8px 10px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, #ede4c4, #e4def1 50%, #e7d8ad);
}

.article-diagrams .layer-diffraction::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 10px;
  bottom: 5px;
  left: 10px;
  height: 4px;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, #8b5e9d 0 2px, transparent 2px 5px);
  opacity: .55;
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .article-diagrams .optics-stage { height: 220px; }
  .article-diagrams .spectrum-rays i { height: 92px; }
  .article-diagrams .optics-labels { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}